Self Plagiarism
Self Plagiarism of Nelson Tansu
Abstract— Publish or Perish is the first commandant in scientific world of professor. Self-plagiarism occurs when an author reuses portions of their previous writings in subsequent research papers. Occasionally, the derived paper is simply a re-titled and reformatted version of the original one, but more frequently it is assembled from bits and pieces of previous work. Most journals have a requirement that no work offered to them. Also called Duplicate publication, multiple publication, or redundant publication publishing the same material more than once by Tansu. A full research was conducted to find evidence of self plagiarism by Tansu. Plenty of evidences come to light of a paper being published, in identical form, in two journals. This is a grievous breach of scientific ethics, because it represents fraudulent claims of originality. The breach is all the more serious if there is evidence of active intent to defraud, such as the provision of a slight different title, but an identical abstract or body.
Index Terms— Duplicate publication, multiple publication, redundant publication, fraud, h index
I. INTRODUCTION
Publish or Perish is the first commandant in scientific world of professor. Publishing in scientific journals is important. Scientific papers are means for disseminating and archiving scientific results, and so are key parts of an enterprise on which our health, security, and prosperity ultimately depend. Publications are used by universities, funding agencies, and others as a primary measure of research productivity and impact. They play a decisive role in hiring, promotion, and salary decisions, and in the ranking of departments, institutions, even nations. With big rewards tied to publication, it is not surprising that some people engage in unethical behavior, abuse, and downright fraud. The impact factor for journals and citation counts for authors—are easily manipulated not only in theory, but also in practice, and that their use in ranking and judging should be curtailed.
Nelson Tansu is the youngest professor in USA. Tansu follows the lead of self citation to fulfill his obsession with high publication count, citation volume, h index and impact factor. Tansu publish copiously, duplicating publication in conferences and journals, and like to cite himself heavily. This is classified as scientific misconduct. See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_misconduct
Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in professional scientific research. The definition: "Intention or gross negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific message or a false credit or emphasis given to a scientist"
Tansu fall into this category of misconduct: fabrication and false credit or emphasis given to a scientist.
Self-plagiarism occurs when an author reuses portions of their previous writings in subsequent research papers. Occasionally, the derived paper is simply a re-titled and reformatted version of the original one, but more frequently it is assembled from bits and pieces of previous work. Most journals have a requirement that no work offered to them for review should previously have been published, and that concurrent submissions to multiple journals are not permitted.
Hexham referred to this as 'recycling fraud', because "the argument, examples, evidence, and conclusions remain the same without the development of new ideas or presentation of additional evidence. In other words it is recycling fraud when two works only differ in their appearance but are presented as separate and distinct works".
It is 'redundant publication' or 'duplicate publication', multiple publication of the same scientific work in more than one journal [is designated as] a serious deviation from accepted practices and as actionable misconduct. Self-plagiarism is detrimental to scientific progress and bad for our academic community. Flooding conferences and journals with near-identical papers makes searching for information relevant to a particular topic harder than it has to be. It also rewards those authors who are able to break down their results into overlapping least-publishable-units over those who publish each result only once. Finally, whenever a self-plagiarized paper is allowed to be published, another, more deserving paper, is not.
This paper will research double publication by Nelson Tansu.
II. PROCEDURE
A full research was conducted to find double publication by Tansu.
III. EVIDENCE OF DOUBLE PUBLICATION AND SELF PLAGIARISM
Tansu commit various forms of scientific misconduct because of fame hungry:
Self plagiarism or double publication of the same content with different titles and/or in different journals is sometimes also considered misconduct;
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_publication
Also called Duplicate publication, multiple publication, or redundant publication publishing the same material more than once by Tansu.
Journals explicitly ask authors not to do this. It is referred to as "salami" (i.e. many identical slices) in the jargon of medical journal editors (MJE). According to some MJE this includes publishing the same article in a different language
Evidence 1:
Let’s Look at the first paper published in IEEE Photonics Global at Singapore, in 2008.
Ee, Y.-K., Kumnorkaew, P., Arif, R.A., Tong, H., Gilchrist, J.F., Tansu, N. 2008
Optimization and fabrication of III-nitride light emitting diodes with self-assembled colloidal-based convex microlens arrays
2008 IEEE Photonics Global at Singapore, IPGC 2008 , art. no. 4781319
Abstract Improvement of light extraction efficiency of InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) using colloidal-based SiO2/ polystyrene microlens arrays was demonstrated. The size effect of the SiO2 microspheres and the thickness of the polystyrene layer on the light extraction efficiency were studied. Ray tracing simulations show that the use of microlens arrays leads to increase in light extraction efficiency by 2.6 times. This is consistent with experiments that demonstrated 2.7 times improvement in light extraction utilizing SiO2/polystyrene microlens arrays. The enhancement in light extraction efficiency is attributed to increase in effective photon escape cone due to SiO2/polystyrene microlens arrays.
After one year, the same paper is published again in IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
Ee, Y.-K., Kumnorkaew, P., Arif, R.A., Tong, H., Zhao, H., Gilchrist, J.F., Tansu, N. 2009
Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III-nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses
IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 15 (4), art. no. 5061625, pp. 1218-1225
Abstract Improvement of light extraction efficiency of InGaN LEDs using colloidal-based Sio2/polystyrene (PS) microlens arrays was demonstrated. The size effect of the Sio2 microspheres and the thickness effect of the PS layer on the light extraction efficiency of III-nitride LEDs were studied. The monolayer rapid convective deposition conditions for Sio2 microspheres were also investigated. Ray tracing simulations show that the use of microlens arrays can lead to increase in light extraction efficiency of InGaN LEDs by 2.64 times. This is consistent with experiments that demonstrated 2.49 times improvement in light extraction utilizing Sio2/PS microlens arrays. The enhancement in light extraction efficiency is attributed to increase in effective photon escape cone due to Sio2/PS microlens arrays, and reduced Fresnel reflection within the photon escape cone due to the grading of refractive index change between GaN/Sio2/PS/air interface.
Both papers are exactly the same, but submitted to 2 different IEEE journals to gain double publication and double self citation.
Evidence 2:
Guangyu Liu ; Hongping Zhao ; Jing Zhang ; Joo-Hyung Park ; Mawst, L.J. ; Tansu, N.
Selective area epitaxy of ultra-high density InGaN based quantum dots
This paper appears in: Winter Topicals (WTM), 2011 IEEE 10-12 Jan. 2011 On page(s): 35, Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-8428-7. See
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5730033 This paper has 8 Self Citations
The same paper is published again here: Guangyu Liu, Hongping Zhao, Jing Zhang, Joo H Park, Luke J Mawst and Nelson Tansu
Selective area epitaxy of ultra-high density InGaN quantum dots by diblock copolymer lithography
Now this paper is published in Nanoscale Research Letters 2011, 6:342 doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-342. See
http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/6/1/342 This paper has 19 Self Citations
The 2 papers are exactly the same, but submitted to 2 different journals to gain double publication and double self citation.
Evidence 3:
Zhao, H., Zhang, J., Liu, G., Tansu, N. 2011
Surface plasmon dispersion engineering via double-metallic Au / Ag layers for nitride light-emitting diodes
2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics: Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO 2011 , art. no. 5950735
Zhao, H., Zhang, J., Liu, G., Tansu, N. 2011
Surface plasmon dispersion engineering via double-metallic Au/Ag layers for III-nitride based light-emitting diodes
Applied Physics Letters 98 (15), art. no. 151115
Evidence 4:
Zhang, J., Zhao, H., Tansu, N. 2011
Gain characteristics of deep UV AlGaN quantum wells lasers
Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 7953, art. no. 79530H
Zhang, J., Zhao, H., Tansu, N. 2010
Gain and spontaneous emission characteristics of high Al-content AlGaN quantum well lasers
2010 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics Society, PHOTINICS 2010, art. no. 5698758, pp. 63-64
Evidence 5:
Ee, Y.-K., Kumnorkaew, P., Arif, R.A., Tong, H., Gilchrist, J.F., Tansu, N.2009
Light extraction efficiency enhancement of InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes with polydimethylsiloxane concave microstructures
Optics Express 17 (16), pp. 13747-13757
Ee, Y.-K., Kumnorkaew, P., Tong, H., Arif, R.A., Gilchrist, J.F., Tansu, N. 2009
Enhancement of light extraction efficiency of InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes with polydimethylsiloxane concave microstructures
Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 7231, art. no. 72310U
Evidence 6:
Ee Yik-Khoon; Li Xiao-Hang; Biser Jeff; Tansu Nelson
Abbreviated MOVPE nucleation of III-nitride light-emitting diodes on nano-patterned sapphire
17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth Location: Lake Geneva, WI Date: AUG 09-14, 2009
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH Volume: 312 Issue: 8
Pages:1311-1315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.10.029 Published: APR 1 2010
Ee Yik-Khoon; Li Xiao-Hang; Biser Jeff; Tansu Nelson
Abbreviated GaN Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy Growth Mode on Nano-Patterned Sapphire for Enhanced Efficiency of InGaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes
Conference on Light - Emitting Diodes - Materials, Devices, and Applications for Solid State Lighting XIV Location: San Francisco, CA Date: JAN 26-28, 2010
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS FOR SOLID STATE LIGHTING XIV Book Series: Proceedings of SPIE Volume: 7617 Article Number: 76170G DOI: 10.1117/12.841503
Evidence 7:
Zhao, H., Liu, G., Li, X.-H., Ee, Y.-K., HuaTong, Zhang, J., Huang, G.S., Tansu, N. 2010
Novel growth and device concepts for high-efficiency InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes
Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science
Conference: 2010 Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO/QELS 2010 , art. no. 5501113
Tansu, N., Zhao, H., Zhang, J., Liu, G., Li, X.-H., Ee, Y.-K., Song, R., (...), Huang, G.S. 2011
Novel approaches for high-efficiency InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes: Device physics and epitaxy engineering Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 7954, art. no. 795418
More and more hard evidence can be found…
I can list them forever..
Tansu is involved in scientific crime of self plagiarism by pepublishing of the same work. As a research-paper is an implicit claim of furthering knowledge, the researcher must state what exactly is the claim of novelty. This would let the editor rate the article in view of their policy. All would reject a paper if already published in another journal, But Tansu does not declare and republish the same work twice to gain double number of publication and double self citation.
The reason of Tansu to commit misconduct can be explained by Career pressure. Science is still a very strongly career-driven discipline. Scientists depend on a good reputation to receive ongoing support and funding; and a good reputation relies largely on the publication of high-profile scientific papers. Hence, there is a strong imperative to "publish or perish". Clearly, this may motivate desperate (or fame-hungry) scientists to fabricate results.
To this category may also be added a paranoia that there are other scientists out there who are close to success in the same experiment, which puts extra pressure on being the first one.
Self-plagiarism causes duplicate papers in the scientific literature, violates copyright agreements, and unduly burdens reviewers, editors, and the scientific publishing enterprise. In an environment of blind peer review, where the reviewer does not know the author’s identity and is not in a position to check the body of their published work, the acid test becomes whether (in the reviewer’s opinion) the article advances the debate by offering something new. The submission should also repay the time and effort expended in reading and considering the contents. Other than that, issues of in/valid repurposing, repackaging, recycling and redeveloping arguments and findings require debate and determination at a discipline-wide level, rather than at the coalface of reviewers’ practice.